Subhash Chandra BOSE
Born- was born on 23 January 1897 in Orissa.
Died - on 18 August 1945 AD in Japan.
Life introduction-
Many patriots tried to liberate India in their own ways to liberate India from the shackles of slavery. Some adopted the path of revolution and some adopted the path of non-violence and peace, but the path of India's independence was determined only by the joint efforts of the supporters of both the paths.
Many revolutionary Indians were martyred while fighting for the independence of India. One such great revolutionary, Indian freedom fighter was Subhas Chandra Bose. A personality who got rid of the sixes of the British government from his actions. They have so much terrorized the British Indian government with the revolutionary activities done to liberate their country
that they just kept looking for excuses to keep them away from India, yet they continued to struggle for the country's independence from outside the country. And he became the first such freedom fighter in Indian history, who organized an army against the British Indian government while living outside the country and directly challenged the government to war and fought. People called him 'Netaji' because of his great works.
birth and childhood
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, the leader of the Azad Hind Fauj, was born on 23 January 1897 at Cuttack in the state of Orissa. His family was a prosperous family of Bengal. His father Janaki Nath Bose was a reputed and famous lawyer of Bengal. His mother was an influential religious and pious woman. These were 14 sisters and brothers, out of which they were ranked ninth.
Subhas Chandra Bose's childhood was spent in great prosperity. He never saw the absence of anything. They had everything according to their need. If there was a lack, then only the love of the parents was there. His father was not able to give time to the family and children due to his busyness in his profession and mother could not pay attention to him due to being engaged in the upbringing of such a large family, due to which he became serious since childhood. He was simply close to his elder brother Sarat Chandra and used to consult him on all his matters and decisions.
family background
Subhas Chandra Bose's father Janaki Nath Bose was originally from a small village in the Parganas district of Bengal. He came to Cuttack to practice law because there were less opportunities to succeed in law in his village. But his luck favored him in Cuttack and he had established himself in advocacy even before the birth of Subhash. By now he had become a famous public prosecutor and was also elected the first Indian non-official chairman of the municipality.
Patriotism was inherited by Subhash from his father. Despite his father being a government official, he used to go to the Congress sessions to attend. They actively participated in the works of public service. He was in favor of Khadi, Swadeshi and National Educational Institutions.
Subhas Chandra Bose's mother Prabhavati was the daughter of the traditionalist Dutt family of northern Calcutta. She was a very strong-willed, intelligent and tactful woman, as well as maintaining such a large family very efficiently.
elementary education
Subhash Chandra Bose's early education took place in the local missionary school in Cuttack. He was admitted to the Protestant European School in 1902. This school was run on the English method, due to which the English of the children studying in this school was better than the students of other Indian schools. There were other benefits of studying in such a school such as discipline, proper behavior and maintenance etc. In these too, discipline and orderliness became permanent in childhood itself.
While studying in this school, he realized that he and his companions live in different worlds that can never be reconciled. Subhash used to come first in studies from the beginning with good numbers but he was not good at all in sports. Whenever he participated in any competition, he would always get defeated.
After the completion of his primary education from missionary school in 1909, he was admitted to Ravenshaw Collegiate. After joining this school, Bose underwent extensive mental and psychological changes. This school was completely filled with the atmosphere of Indianness. Subhash was already a brilliant student, topping all subjects except Bangla. He also worked hard in Bengali and secured good marks in the first annual examination itself. Along with Bengali, he also started studying Sanskrit.
The Principal (Headmaster) of Ravenshaw School Benimadhav Das had a great influence on Subhash's young mind. Madhav Das taught them to follow moral values and also taught them that the real truth lies in nature, so dedicate yourself completely to it. The result of which was that he began to be absorbed in meditation for hours after finding secluded places full of river banks and dunes and natural beauty.
As Subhash Chandra was engaged in the work of the Sabha and Yogacharya, his family became worried about his behavior as he used to spend more and more time alone. The family members started worrying about their future so that even after being so promising and meritorious, they should not lag behind in their studies. Contrary to the expectations of the family, in 1912-13, he secured second position in the university in the matriculation examination, due to which his parents were very happy.
First entry into politics in school life
In the last days of school, Subhash got his first political impetus when an ambassador of a party (Adarsh Dal) from Calcutta came to meet him. The two objectives of that party were - spiritual upliftment of the citizens of the country and service to the nation. Soon he joined this party because his ideas matched the objectives of this party to a great extent. The head of this group was a doctor with whom Bose was in contact for a long time. This was the first political experience in the life of Subhash Chandra Bose, which was of great use to him in future.
influence of initial environment on ideas
Subhash Chandra Bose did not get much love of parents in the family environment, due to which he spent most of the time alone, his nature became serious in his childhood. Since childhood, he was hardworking and determined. While studying in the primary school of a Christian missionary, he realized the difference between himself and his classmates as if living between two different societies.
He turned to spirituality after coming in contact with Benimadhav, the headmaster at Ravenshaw School. At the age of 15, he studied the literature of Vivokananda deeply and adopted his principles in his life. He decided that working hard for the salvation of the soul should be the aim of life, as well as service to humanity, service to the country,
in which everything should be devoted. Taking inspiration from the life of Vivokananda, he formed the 'Ramakrishna-Vivokananda Yuvajan Sabha', which was opposed by the family and society, yet he continued the work of the meeting. In this way, at the time of reaching youth, the background of psychological thought had been prepared to a certain extent.
Higher education and public life in Calcutta
After passing the matriculation examination, his family members sent him to Calcutta for further studies. In 1913, he took admission in Presidency, the most prestigious college of the University of Calcutta. Subhash Chandra Bose came here without any delay and first of all made contact with the Adarsh Dal, whose messenger had come to Cuttack to meet them.
At that time the students of his college were divided into different factions (parties). Out of which one group was flattering the modern British polity, the other was of simple students, one group was of Subhash Chandra Bose - who considered himself the spiritual successor of Ramakrishna-Vivokananda and another group was - of revolutionaries. faction.
The social setting of Calcutta was completely different from that of the small town of Cuttack. The glitter of modern life here had attracted the lives of many students and led them to destruction, but Subhash was built from a different soil. They came with new goals. They had already decided that they would not become stereotypes. They knew how to take life seriously. While starting college life, they realized that life also has a goal and Purpose too.
When Subhash came to Calcutta from Cuttack, his nature was spiritual. They wanted to do social service and social service is an integral part of yoga practice. They used to visit historical and religious places to increase their knowledge. During his college days, Bose was inspired by the writings, philosophy of Aurobindo Ghosh and his notion of yogic syncretism. Till this time he had no direct connection with
politics. He kept himself busy in various religious and social works. He did not care about college studies because lectures in most subjects were boring for him. He used to participate in debates, could not get very good marks in the Intermediate examination of 1915 due to being engaged in doing social work like collecting donations for flood and famine victims. After this, he chose philosophy for further studies and completely engaged in studies.
Presidency scandal (1916) and barriers to education
NS. a. While doing Honors (Philosophy), an incident happened in the life of Subhash Chandra Bose. This incident gave a new twist to his ideology. This is B. a. He was a first year student of Honors (Philosophy). While studying in the library's self-study room, he could hear some vague noises of quarrel from outside. On going outside, it came to know that the English professor E. F. Oten was beating some students of his class. Upon investigation of the matter, it was found that in the corridor adjoining Professor Oten's class, B. a. Some of the first year students were making noise, for obstructing the lecture, the professor had kicked out the students in the first line and beat them up.
Subhash Chandra was the representative of his class. He informed his principal about this incident of insulting the students. The next day, a mass strike was organized by the students in the college in protest against this incident, which was led by Subhash Chandra Bose. This was the first time in the history of the college that the students had called for such a strike. This incident was being discussed everywhere. At that time the matter was settled by the mediation of other teachers and the management committee, so that the matter should not escalate, but after a month, the same professor again beat up one of his classmates, on which some students of the colleges took the law into their own hands. The result was that the students beat up the professor very badly. From newspapers to government offices, this incident created a stir in everyone.
It was wrongly alleged on the students that Prof. He was pushed down the stairs while attacking Oten. Subhash was an eyewitness to the incident. He knew that this allegation was just a blatant lie, being an eyewitness he could have said this without any fear of contradiction with the claims. This was necessary for the fairness of the students. But this incident became a question of prestige of government and college teachers. Ignoring any kind of cleanliness on the part of the students, the Principal of the college in consultation with the respected persons of the Managing Committee expelled the mischievous children of the college from the school. The name of Subhash Chandra Bose was also included in the hit list of these expelled students. He called Subhash and said-
boss! You are the most troublesome student in college. I suspend you.
Subhash – Thank you.
Saying this he came home. After this decision, the Management Committee approved this decision of the Principal. He was expelled from college. Subhash Chandra sought permission from the university to study in some other college which was refused. In this way he was expelled from the whole university.
Some politicians called it a decision outside the authority of the Principal, which was taken over by the Inquiry Committee. He represented the students in front of the inquiry committee and said that he did not believe in the attack on the professor but at that time the students were so furious that it was very difficult to control them. After this he described the bad behavior done by the British in the college. When the report of the committee came, there was no word in favor of the students, only Subhash Chandra was mentioned.
In this way, the path of his further studies was closed. But in this time of difficulty, his family members supported him. His relatives knew that what he was doing, he was doing it right. Subhash also had no remorse for his actions. With no possibility of further studies, he was completely engaged in the work of the society. This incident completely changed his life. There has been a lot of change in their thinking and ideology. During this time, he did self-analysis to know his feelings.
Admission to the Scottish Church (1917)
After about a year of turmoil, he came back to Calcutta to enter the University. While waiting for the decision of the officers here tried to enlist in the 49th Bengal Regiment but failed in recruitment due to bad eyesight. Later they were informed that they can study by taking admission from some other school.
After this information, he met the Principal of the Scottish Church College (Dr. Arkhart) and told him that he wanted to do Honors in Philosophy. Arkhart was very tactful and caring about the feelings of others. He was impressed by Subhash's behavior and allowed him to enter. Dr. Arkhart was also a very qualified teacher of philosophy.
Subhash wanted to get some new experiences in his life and wanted to do something new and challenging. At this time the British Government of India approved the formation of Territorial Army at a university level of the Force of India Defense. The criteria for recruitment in this were not as stringent as those for recruitment in the army, so they were recruited. After 4 months of camp life and 3 weeks of musket (small gun) practice, he refuted the notion that "
Bengalis do not perform well in the army" made for Bengali students.
In the fourth year of college, Subhash was fully engaged in studies. In 1919, he passed Honors in first class. He stood second at the world school level.
Circumstances: Decided to go to England (1919)
B.A in Philosophy a. After doing this, Subhash Chandra Bose was inclined towards experimental psychology. He realized that philosophy was not suitable to solve the problems of his life. He had lost his fascination with philosophy, so he got M.A. from psychology. wanted to do
His father Janaki Nath had come to Calcutta and his elder brother was staying with Sarat Chandra. One evening his father called him and asked if he was in ICS. would like to take the exam. He was very shocked by this decision of his father. All their plans went awry. They were given 24 hours to convey their decision. He had never thought to work under the British government even in his dreams, but he took this decision by being forced in front of the circumstances. After this decision of his, within a week, after making a passport, he was sent after making arrangements on a ship going to England. He left on 15 September to go to England from India.
Get service preparation
ICS by going to England There was no other way but to accept his father's decision to give the exam, so he went to England on the basis of luck. While going from India to England, he had ICS. There were only 8 months for the exam and this was his first and last chance as per his age. His ship reached England a week later than the scheduled time. He reached England on 25 October.
Even before reaching England, his study session started, due to which it was difficult to get a chance to get admission in any good college. Therefore, Subhash Chandra Bose went to meet the advisor of Indian students of India House regarding this problem. He was also disappointed with this meeting. Without expecting any kind of cooperation from all around, he went straight to Cambridge University. The censors of Kitts William Hall (the board to assess the merit of the students appearing for the examination) entered in view of their problems and also granted exemption for the examination to be held in June 1921.
Due to the approaching civil examination, he devoted all his time in preparation. Apart from taking lectures for the preparation of Mental and Moral Science (Hons), he also used to participate in the programs of Indian Mazalis and Union Society related to his curriculum. He had to study in addition to his lecture hours, he studied as hard as he could. According to the old civil service regulations, they had to study about 8-9 different subjects.
Along with his studies, he observed the changed environment there very carefully. The freedom, respect and prestige enjoyed by the students in England greatly influenced them because the situation here was very different from the situation in India. Here he used to express his views without any fear in the presence of MPs or Ministers in the debate events of the Union Society. He saw that the members of the Labor Party in political parties had compassion for Indian problems.
The Indian Civil Service examination started in July 1920 and lasted for about a month. Subhash Chandra Bose had no hope of passing the examination, so wrote a letter to his house that he has no hope of passing and he is busy preparing for the next year's Try Pass. When the result came in mid-September, his friend congratulated him by telegram. The next day he published ICS in the newspaper. I have seen my name among the successful candidates. He got the fourth position in the merit list.
ICS After seeing the result of the examination, Subhash Chandra Bose was happy to pass because he could now return to his country India. But as soon as this test was passed, now a contradiction situation arose. These were the ideals of Swami Vivokananda and Ramakrishna, in such a situation they considered doing this job against their ideals. In the face of this contradiction, Bose wrote a letter to his
elder brother, Sarat Chandra, informing him of his decision not to take up the job, and on 22 April 1921, three weeks after he wrote the letter, Bose, Secretary of State for India ES Montagu. Announced to withdraw his name from the list of probationary officers (probationers) by writing a letter to
ICS By leaving his job, Bose created a stir in the Indian society of England. His decision started being discussed all around. Subhash wanted to avoid both this applause and sensation. This work was done by Bose as an attempt to improve his self. This fact has been clarified by Bose in a letter to his elder brother-
You have spoken very well of me in your letters, of which I deserve very little of what I know. I know how many hearts I have broken, how many have disobeyed the orders of elders, but at the time of this risky pledge, my only prayer is that all this may be absorbed in the good of our beloved country.
Coming to India and meeting Mahatma Gandhi and Deshbandhu
Subhash Chandra returned to India in June 1921, immediately after taking the tripas examination of psychology and moral science and started participating in the national movement. Rabindra Nath Tagore was also in the same ship from which Bose was coming to India. Tagore ji advised him to meet Gandhi in India. On reaching Bombay on 16 July 1921, he met Gandhiji. In this meeting, Bose wanted to know clearly the strategy and active program of Gandhi's movement because he (Gandhi) was the supreme leader of the movement.
Subhash Chandra Bose wanted to know from Gandhi the prescribed sequential steps of the movements, using which he could be successful in getting power from the British. He put a stick of questions related to every topic of the movement. Gandhi answered all their questions patiently, but apart from the answers to all the questions related to the non-tax campaign and the clear answers of any other movement, he could not satisfy Bose.
His first meeting with Mahatma Gandhi was not very good. Subhash could not get the knowledge of the right direction of the movements from the answers related to Gandhi on the subjects he wanted to know. Except for the strategy of non-payment of taxes, the strategy of no other movement was effective. Overall the meeting with Gandhi was disappointing.
After meeting Mahatma Gandhi, he immediately went to Calcutta to meet CR Das (Deshbandhu). But he could not meet Deshbandhu because he was on tour. After waiting for some time, he met Das, which was also very decisive. He met Deshbandhu ji and realized that Das knew what he was going to do and what strategies would be adopted to achieve it. Dasas were ready to sacrifice everything for the attainment of their goals, due to which they could demand others to sacrifice everything.
Subhash Chandra Bose was very impressed by meeting Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das. Meeting them, Bose felt that along with the path of achieving the purpose of his life, he had also found a guru, which he would be able to follow throughout his life. In 1921, there was a wave of triple boycott in every corner of the country. Lawyers were boycotting the judicial system by not participating in the process of court, students stopped attending schools, Congress leaders stopped participating in the process of legislature. People were taking part in it enthusiastically. The
feeling of patriotism was rising among the countrymen. At such a time, Deshbandhu wholeheartedly adopted his new young colleague and made him the campaign head of the Congress Committee of Bengal Province and the Rashtriya Seva Dal, as well as appointed the principal of the newly opened National College. By skillfully performing so many duties with his ability and dedication, Bose impressed everyone.
In November 1921, the Prince of Wales, the heir to the British throne, was announced to come to India. The Congress organized a complete strike on the day the Prince landed in
Bombay. Like other cities in Calcutta, there was a favorable response to the occasion. It seemed as if the volunteers of the Congress led by Subhash Chandra had taken care of the whole city.
Selection and arrest of Subhash Chandra Bose as the head of the movementWhen the British government announced the arrival of the Prince, strikes and bandhs were organized by Congress workers all over the country, due to which the government declared the Congress government as illegal. This thing added fuel to the fire. The Congress Committee of the state handed over all the powers to its president CR Das and he made Bose the head of the movement. Bose displayed unprecedented leadership ability in conducting the movement in the province.
The movement was increasing day by day. At that time this movement intensified even more when CR Das's wife Vasanti Devi was arrested and imprisoned along with her associates. This led to a very rapid increase in the number of young men and women who gave themselves under arrest. In the second week of 1921, along with Deshbandhu and Subhash Chandra, other leaders were also imprisoned. He was later sentenced to six months. This was the first arrest of Subhash Chandra Bose while participating in the freedom struggle.
Subhash's training in the field of Indian politicsAfter returning home, Subhash met Gandhi and Deshbandhu, two great political heroes of India. He was disappointed when he met Gandhi. But when this Deshbandhu met CR Das, he was so impressed by his thoughts and actions that he made him his guru. Like a true disciple, he started following in the footsteps of Deshbandhu. Soon he got the iron of his ability through his leadership.
During the boycott movement of the Congress in Calcutta, Deshbandhu and Bose along with other members were arrested and imprisoned. He was kept in the Alipore Central Jail in Calcutta. Staying here in the company of Deshbandhu, he did a deep analysis of his leadership qualities and tried to know why his attraction remains on all the people and his followers
His experience proved to be very useful in the coming life of Bose. At the time of the responsibility of the leadership of Bengal and the formation of the Azad Hind Fauj, this experience helped him a lot. His close association with Deshbandhu in his captive life gave Bose an opportunity to understand his personal side. Chittaranjan Das believed that life is bigger than politics and in every ups and downs of life, he used to implement it completely.
Deadlock in Congress and formation of Swaraj Party
After the Chauri-Chaura incident in 1922, Gandhi withdrew the non-cooperation movement. At that time both Subhash Chandra Bose and Deshbandhu were in jail. Both of them were deeply saddened by this decision. The hope that was rising among the people turned into despair.
The Gaya (Bihar) session of the Congress was held in December 1922. It was presided over by CR Das. In this session, there was a deadlock among all the members of Congress on some issues. The supporters of Deshbandhu wanted change and the supporters of Gandhi did not want any kind of change. Deshbandhu's proposal fell and his position as president weakened. On the other hand Motilal Nehru announced the formation of Congress Mukt Swaraj Party. In this way, Deshbandhu separated from the Congress and was appointed the President of Swarajya Party. Subhash Chandra was with his guru in all these activities.
In the middle of 1923, the Swarajya Party under its leadership gave a strong foundation to the organization. In the same year, the daily English paper "Forward" was published under the chairmanship of Deshbavdhu and under the management of Subhash. Which became the leading daily newspaper of the country in a very short span. Along with the work of Swarajya, Bose also carried forward the plan of youth organization. He also formed the All Bengal Youth League, whose president was also made by him. In 1923, the party organization gave him an important post. He was made General Secretary of Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee.
Calcutta Municipal Corporation as Chief Executive Chairman
Swarajya Party decided to participate in the declared elections of Calcutta Municipal Corporation in 1924, in which Hindu and Muslim seats got a substantial majority and Deshbandhu was elected the first mayor. On the request of Deshbandhu, Subhash Chandra Vos was appointed as the Chief Executive Officer. The British government was very much irritated by this appointment and was very hesitant in granting them approval.
The work done by Bose as the Chief Executive Officer laid the foundation of a new era of civil development in India. For the first time, Khadi became the uniform of the employees of the Municipal Corporation, many streets and parks famous by British (British) names were named after great Indian personalities, Corporation Education Department was established under the care of a qualified education officer, Free elementary Education started
Municipal Corporation-run health committees were formed, free medical stores were opened in every mandal for the poor and children's hospitals were also opened in some places where milk was also given to needy children. was given. Subhash Chandra Bose used to supervise the implementation of these schemes everywhere and in addition to all these requirements, he also used to supervise the works of water supply, electricity supply, road repair. Gave a new direction to the
work of the corporation. In place of high-ranking British officers coming to the honor ceremony, the nationalist leaders coming to the city were welcomed with hospitality. Publication of "Calcutta Municipal Gazette" weekly paper was started for public awareness. Subhash Chandra Bose used to donate the rest by keeping half his salary for his expenses.
Subhash Chandra Bose's exile
The British government was unable to digest the growing dominance of the Swarajya Party in any way. Whatever the British wanted to do, its foundation was hollow. The work done by Subhash as working president added fuel to the fire. His rising fame put the government to sleep. On the morning of 25 October 1924, he was informed that the Calcutta Police Commissioner had summoned him. On his arrival, the commissioner told him that there was a warrant for his arrest under Section 3 of the Act of 1818. Bose along with two other Swarajist members was also arrested.
With the arrest of Bose in 1924, many more arrests were made. For which the government clarified that a revolutionary conspiracy is being planned, under which these arrests are being made. Two English newspapers alleged even more than this announcement that Bose was the brain behind the revolutionary conspiracy. Subhash filed a defamation case against these newspapers. The government and the press under its control could not present any facts in support of their allegations, yet they imprisoned many big leaders of Bengal along with Bose without trial.
Along with giving time to Subhash Chandra Bose to complete his official work for a few weeks, two police officers were appointed with him. The British sent them to Mandalay Jail (Rangoon) to lead a life of exile as soon as their works were completed. Due to the conditions and climate of the prison, his health
deteriorated due to which he developed pneumonia. The superintendent of that prison informed the government about his health, but the government did not take any action and also gave a message that if Subhash went to Europe for his treatment from Rangoon without coming to India, he would release him.
Subhash refused to accept this condition saying that he loves his honor more than his life and he cannot deal with any such rights Which is going to be the basis of the diplomacy of the times to come. On which the government ordered to keep him in Almora jail. On May 1927, he was medically examined at Diamond Harbor in which his health was confirmed. After this he was given the next morning. was released.
Served as President of Bengal Congress (1927–1930)
Due to his ill-health, Subhash did not participate in any political proceedings and spent time with his family. He was the President of Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee at the time when he was released from Mandalay Jail due to physical ill-health. As soon as he became healthy, he started his work.
At that time Indian politics was on the path of ups and downs because in 1928 itself a full Anglo commission was appointed under the chairmanship of Simon, whose purpose was to maintain the British rule in India by making any kind of agreement. But the Congress was already ready to boycott it.
The Congress also appointed Subhash Chandra Bose, Jawaharlal Nehru and Shoaib as general secretaries in its executive committee to give a new direction to its work. On the call of this executive committee, strikes were organized all over the country on the arrival of Simon Commission in India. In which the strikes in the Bengal province were led by Subhash Chandra Bose.
This was the time when the country needed the collective leadership of all its leaders, but Mahatma Gandhi was on leave from active politics at this time, so Bose went to meet
Mahatma Gandhi. He asked Mahatma Gandhi to give direction to the leadership of the movement but he refused.
Subhash Chandra started making countrywide tours to make the countrymen aware and united to lead in the right direction of the movement. In the course of his tour, when he reached Pune, giving his historic speech there, he said that- "Congress should get directly into the labor union. Women, youth and students should also form their own independent organizations keeping their respective community and national goals in front.
In November 1928, the independent Indian Federation Swatantra Bharat League (Independence of India League) was inaugurated. Its joint leadership was handled by Subhash Chandra Bose and Jawaharlal Nehru. In 1928, the workers of Jamshedpur Tata Company went on strike. These workers' strike was led by Bose and extended to a huge scale.
The Working Committee of the Congress declared 26 January as Independence Day and also demanded complete independence. For the first time in 1930, the people of India celebrated 26 January with full enthusiasm. Along with this, Subhash Chandra Bose formed the Congress Democratic Party, taking forward his military programs. Before all these plans were implemented, he was arrested and sentenced to one year's rigorous imprisonment.
Served as Mayor of CalcuttaBose's leadership qualities, his thoughts and the work done by him created fear in the mind of the British government. When he was coming from Lahore to Calcutta, he was arrested and sentenced to one year's rigorous imprisonment and was kept in Calcutta Jail. Bose got information about the success of the movement from place to place. He celebrates this success with his fellow prisoners. Due to this the jail officials got irritated with him and they got into a fight with him. Along with his comrades, the jail superintendent beat him very badly but could not reduce his enthusiasm.
Subhash Chandra Bose was elected mayor of Calcutta Municipal Corporation while in Calcutta jail. Even after being elected mayor, he was freed from jail after almost 1 year. After his release from jail, a meeting was organized in which Deshmukh gave a very emotional speech remembering the work done by CR Das. The period from 1924-1930 was the climax of the development of Calcutta. In the period between 1924-30, each national festival was celebrated as a grand ceremony. In this program he announced his future plans.
On 26 January 1931, a rally was organized on the occasion of the second Independence Day. In which senior officers of Calcutta Municipal Corporation also participated. Subhash Chandra Bose, leading the rally, was attacked by a powerful contingent of mounted police personnel on his way to the
ground from the municipal headquarters and started lathi-charging with great cruelty. They beat Bose very badly and arrested him. After this arrest, Subhash Chandra Bose was released in March 1931. After coming out of jail, Bose went to meet Gandhi and prepared the outline of the future movement.
Civil disobedience movement resumedIn 1931, the government itself started violating the conditions agreed to by the Gandhi-Irwin Pact. Therefore, Mahatma Gandhi,
Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose mutually decided to start the Civil Disobedience Movement again. But this time the government was already ready to thwart this movement, so from the beginning of January 1932, the government started arresting members of Congress and other nationalist volunteer unions, as well as separating these political prisoners. Kept in separate secret prisons.
Subhash Chandra Bose was also arrested and kept in a small jail in Siwani. A few days later, his elder brother Sarat Chandra was also arrested and kept in this jail. During this time there was a lot of upheaval in the politics of the country. Like in 1930, Subhash Chandra Bose was watching these incidents from behind the bars of the jail in 1932, becoming a mute spectator.
The British government announced the organization of the Communal Award in August 1932 to break Indian unity, under which the move to make reservations and separate elections for the Depressed Classes and other national level minorities. This move of the British government was successful and they turned the attitude of the Congress's civil disobedience movement towards the anti-untouchability movement. Imprisoned in jail, Bose began to be sad with this helplessness.
Migration to Europe due to ill healthWhile in Siwani's jail, the health of Subhash Chandra Bose and his brother Sarat Chandra started declining rapidly. Due to which both the brothers were sent to Jabalpur Jail. But even here there was no improvement in Bose's health, so he was first sent to Madras, Bhuvali and lastly to Lucknow. But neither there was any improvement in his health nor his illness was detected.
Bose's sister-in-law Vibhavati (Sharat Chandra's wife) sent many applications related to his health to the Delhi government, but no decision was taken by the government in his favor. The attitude of the government officials towards them was animosity (full of enmity). On deteriorating health, Bose was sent to Europe and allowed for treatment. But at the same time, the government refused to take care of them at the cost of the government.
On 13 February 1933,
Subhas Chandra Bose was sent to Europe by the Italian ship Gazi. In March 1933, he reached Vienna where he met a qualified doctor. With his treatment, he started recovering in a short time. As soon as Bose was a little healthy, he started participating in European politics to further the mission of Indian independence.
As a non-official ambassador of Indian nationality to EuropeThe Indian government, while sending them to Europe, gave visas to only Austria and Italy so that they could not travel to other countries including Britain. The government wanted to keep them away from England and Germany in any case, because in these countries a large number of Indian students were taking technical education at a high level and the government feared that Bose would give the student community of these countries his revolutionary military. Don't get influenced by ideology. Therefore, the government reduced their scope by giving visas to only two countries.
During his stay in Europe,
Subhas Chandra Bose worked as a non-official ambassador of Indian nationality. He started this work in Austria because he could not go to other countries. But the area of his work spread to countries like Poland, Switzerland, Italy, France, Germany and England etc. Along with the field of politics, Bose was also in contact with the people of the Intellectual Party. He corresponded with persons who belonged to the fields of literature, history, economics, sociology, scientific and cultural.
While living in Vienna, Bose established the 'Austria-India Federation'. In Prague, he met the Foreign Minister of Czechoslavia, Eduard Bains and discussed important political issues. He also played an important role in the formation of the "Czechoslavia-India Committee (1934)" as well as delivered a speech at its inauguration.
At the end of 1934, he received the news of his father's death. Bose came to India for the last darshan of his father, but due to the delay of one and a half days, he could not even see his father for the last time. As soon as he reached Calcutta, the British government kept him under house arrest in the house on Elgin Road. Bose remained in this captivity for about a month and returned to Europe again in January 1935.
Marriage to Emily SchenkleDuring his stay in Austria for treatment, he wrote many letters and books, which felt the need of a typist to type in English. He talked to a friend in this regard, on which his friend introduced him to Emily Schenkel. Due to his natural attraction, he fell in love with Emily and in 1942 Bose married Schenkel. They were married according to Hindu customs at the place of Bad Gastin. From this marriage they also had a daughter named Anita Bose.
As President of Congress (1938-1939)Subhash Chandra returned to India at the end of the year 1938 after a long illness and treatment in Europe. He was given a grand welcome in Calcutta. With his return to India, there was speculation about making him the Congress President. After CR Das in the Congress Committee, no one was elected president from the Bengal province. In the 51st session of the Congress, Subhash Chandra Bose was elected the President of the Congress Committee.
Subhash Chandra Bose began to strengthen the roots of the Congress as soon as he was elected the President. Along with increasing his scope, he took special care that the members of Congress could neither be weakened nor bowed down by the British government under any circumstances. Keeping all these things in mind, Bose toured the country extensively. They were preparing the Indian people for the national struggle on a large scale. As party president, he took decisions in all meetings with fairness and integrity.
Due to his nationalist views, even after Gandhi's opposition, he was elected president of the Congress for the second time in a row. Gandhi had put up Pattabhisita Ramaiah in his opposition, whom Bose defeated by a huge margin of 200 votes. Gandhi was silent till the elections were over, but when the election results were declared, Mahatma Gandhi declared that Sita Ramaiah's defeat was his
defeat and he was not satisfied with these election results. Will be on hunger strike Bose tried hard to persuade Gandhi but all the efforts proved in vain. In the end, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, forced by the circumstances, resigned from the post of President after the Calcutta session of the Congress. This resignation marked the end of an important chapter in his life as well as the beginning of a new experiment in the freedom struggle.
Forward Bloc established (3 May 1939)
After resigning from the Congress on 29 April 1939, Bose founded his own separate party on 3 May 1939. This party emerged as a new means to make people aware of the freedom struggle. Bose also used to edit a weekly magazine by the name of this party. The articles of this magazine contained a brief and critical description of the week-long activities happening across the country. In this way he started communicating public consciousness among the people.
During the First World War, the German ruler Hitler declared war on the Allies due to the accommodative policies adopted by Britain for Germany. Subhash Chandra Bose also wanted to take advantage of this opportunity to give complete independence to India because Britain was in a very weak position at this time.
He gave the slogan of "All Power to Indian People" for the people of the country in the second conference of his party. Bose wanted India to fight for its independence by participating in the war against England. For this he also went to Gandhi. But Gandhi refused to take any such step.
On the other hand, the government was troubled by their plans and ideas. She started looking for opportunities to imprison Bose. During this, he led a group of volunteers and led a Satyagraha movement around the Halvot pillar. As the British government found an excuse to imprison Bose again, without any delay, Subhash was arrested under the Defense of India Rules and imprisoned in the Presidency Jail in Calcutta, along with two other cases of sedition. Put it
Subhash had full faith that the war could uproot the British rule. But this time he did not want to see all this by lying inactive behind the bars of the jail as before, so he challenged the government that the government did not have any legal reason behind keeping him in jail. If they are not freed, they will go on a hunger strike.
The government did not take this matter seriously. During a week's fast in jail, his health started deteriorating again. The Bengal government, frightened, called a secret meeting of high officials, which decided that he should be released till he became healthy and again put in jail as soon as he recovered. With this decision, they were freed.
flee the countryThe government allegedly freed Subhash Chandra but she did not want to take any kind of risk. So Bose was put under house arrest in his own house. As soon as he came out of jail, Bose started taking measures to get out of the country. It was a very risky task to cross the country's border out of police custody. For this he made a secret plan with his nephew Sisir Bose. Under which he told his family members that he wanted to live in seclusion for some time. During which he will neither meet, talk nor write any letter to anyone.
In this way, after making a plan and informing the family members about his exile, he took farewell from the family members a day before. All this work was done very secretly. He reached Dhanbad with his nephew Shishir at around 1:30 pm on 17 January 1941. From there, along with his elder nephew Ashok (eldest son of Sarat Chandra) took a ticket from Gomoh station of Delhi Kalka Mail and traveled alone. After this he left for Peshawar from Delhi on 19 January 1941.
He went to Peshawar with a Muslim disguise and a Muslim name, Mohammad Ziauddin. Here he met Akbar Shah as planned. After staying here for about 6 days, traveled from here to Kabul (Afghanistan) with Bhagatram Talwar. While going to Afghanistan, Bose took the form of a Pathan. Now he was the deaf and dumb uncle of Bhagat Ram, who had to be taken first to the Dargah for treatment and later to Kabul. On 31 January 1941, crossing the inaccessible roads, reached Kabul.
Migrant life in AfghanistanAfter reaching Kabul, both of them stayed at the inn near Lahori Gate. There he was constantly afraid of being caught by the British spies. In the meantime, he started planning to enter the Russian embassy, but to no avail. Staying in the inn was not free from danger, so he stayed as a guest in the house of Indian businessman Uttam Chand.
On 6 February the German embassy met with the Minister of the Legation, Pilger, who expressed his inability to offer any help. But introduced with the German company Siemens. On 23 February, he received a message from Simmons' office to contact the Italian embassy minister, Alberto Caroni. By contacting Karoni, he expressed his strategy. From which he left as an Italian diplomat on 17 March.
Establishment of Free India CenterAfter reaching Germany, Subhash started establishing contact with exiled Indians, students, German diplomats. He also visited different countries to make friendly contact with the people and increase the followers of his ideas. In which mainly Italy, Austria and France were included.
Bose greatly influenced the German diplomatic class with his ideas. Due to these efforts, he was successful in forming the Working Group India in the Information Department, which later became the Special India Department and its control was given directly to Van Trott and Wert. His friendship with the people in the German Foreign Office and the German Military Command continued to grow.
Bhagat Singh historyWith the help of these contacts, Bose established the Free India Center in Berlin in 1941. Some of his trusted associates supported him in the establishment of this center, mainly NG Ganpule, A.C. N. Nambiar, Abid Hasan, M. R. Vyas, Girija Mukherjee and N. G. Swamy. This center was established as a foreign embassy and all its members were entitled to get all the facilities given to foreign diplomats. From here the following activities were carried out:
Organization of Indians living in Germany and their proper living arrangements.
Link to all Free India Centers established in Europe.
Broadcasting of National Congress Radio, Azad Hind Radio and Azad Muslim Radio.
Establishment of Coordination Center to establish coordination between Free India Centers and Indian Independence League of South-East Asia.
To protect military interests by establishing close contact with the Indian National Army, the Azad Hind Fauj or the Indian Legion (in which Indian prisoners of war were recruited who had come from North Africa.)
Publication of 'Azad Hind' magazine in two languages (German and English) were also published as well as distributed throughout Europe).
It was because of the Free India Center that the formation and operation of the Azad Hind Fauj became possible. This center declared the poem "Jana-Gan-Man" composed by Rabindranath Tagore as the national anthem and also gave the slogan of 'Jai Hind'. Linking its flag to that of the Congress, a picture of a lion leaping right in the middle was placed, which was purely a symbol of strength and courage.
meeting with HitlerWith his arrival in Germany,
Subhash Chandra Bose prepared the background related to the freedom struggle of India. During this time, many of his people like foreign diplomats, thinkers, journalists, soldiers of the German army, etc. became very close and close relations. These relations also helped Bose a lot when the time came. In the meantime, he met Adam forn Trott, a distinguished minister of the German government, with whom Bose also became very good friends.
On 29 May 1942, Bose met Hitler, the dictator of Germany. They talked to him about Indian issues but he did not show any sympathy towards Indians nor did he show any interest in Indian issues. Due to which Bose did not get any clear indication of help and satisfaction from him. But Hitler agreed to help them get out of Germany, as well as to provide travel facilities to the eastern region.
departure from germanyOn 26 January 1943, two days after celebrating Indian Independence Day in Berlin with a very grand and grand event, he met with the Free India Center after which he left for Europe.
Subhas Chandra Bose traveled in a submarine with Abid Hasan from the North-German port. This journey was of three months. During this visit, Bose continued with his planning work. It was during this visit that Bose prepared the basic infrastructure of the Rani Regiment of Jhansi. Passengers were exchanged in another submarine on 24 April 1943. The swap was historic as it was the first and last between two German submarines during World War II.
This second submarine landed them on the Sabang Islands. Here after his medical examination, he was given rest for some time by giving injections of quarantine (quarantine). On 13 May 1943, he traveled by plane to Toki.
summit talks with the government of japan to help indiaDuring the long journey of three months, Subhas Chandra Bose prepared the entire plan for the attainment of his objectives and after reaching the boxes, efforts were made to make it a reality. After reaching Japan, Bose made preparations to hold summit talks with the Prime Minister of Japan for a whole month. In the meantime, he also established contact with the leading officers of the Japanese army, diplomats, intellectual class.
In mid-June in 1943, Bose met the Japanese Prime Minister Tojo for the first time. Good and positive results were obtained from this meeting. Mr. I was very much impressed by the personality of Tajo Bose. He accepted most of the conditions put forth by
Subhas Chandra Bose.For the second meeting Mr. Tojo invited Netaji to Dait (then called the Parliament of Japan) and in the presence of Bose announced his unconditional full support for achieving the Indian goal. This was the first bold declaration that no one else like Mahatma Gandhi or Hitler could make.
Formation of Azad Hind FaujOn 4 July 1943, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose assumed the leadership of the Indian movement being run in East Asia from Rash Behari Bose. He took this leadership in the Cathay Cinema Hall. Taking the leadership of the Azad Hind Fauj, Bose said –
I propose to form a provisional government of independent India in order to conduct my forces efficiently. It will be the duty of this Provisional Government to fight till the success of India's freedom struggle.
On 5 April 1943, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose delivered a salute after the army salute at the Town Hall in Singapore. During this speech, he also gave the slogan of "Delhi Chalo Jai Hind During the mass rally organized on April 8, Netaji had said – I want 3 lakh soldiers and 30 million dollars. I want a group of Indian women who are not afraid of death, who can wield a sword in battle like the queen of Jhansi, the heroine of the first independence movement of 1857.
Before Bose of Azad Hind there were only four departments, to give strength to those four departments, seven new departments were formed. ina The main premise of Unity, Sacrifice and Integrity was kept. This spirit developed the spirit of new ideals in the organization. The Rani Regiment of Jhansi was formed for women, whose command was entrusted to Captain Lakshmi Sehgal (Dr. Lakshmi Swaminathan).
After consolidating his army in Singapore, Netaji marched to Varma (Myanmar) and in January 1944 joined the INA in Varma. established its second headquarters. In 1944, Netaji gave his speech addressing Gandhi from Rangoon radio station. During this speech, Netaji
Subhash Chandra Bose addressed Gandhi for the first time as Father of the Nation". Wishing you all the best and blessings for your victory. Netaji's emotional message to Gandhi was as follows:
Chandrashekhar Azad biographyIndia's last war of independence has begun. Azad Hind Fauj is fighting valiantly on the land of India and in spite of many difficulties, it is slowly moving forward with perseverance. This armed war will continue till we drive out the last Englishman from India and our tricolor is hoisted at the Viceroy's building in New Delhi.
Father of the Nation! We seek your optimism and best wishes, Jai Hind, in this holy war of liberation for India.
Netaji, along with his army, wrested many areas of Verma by fighting with the British army. But this success did not last long. Oujad Hind Fauj was moving forward waving the flag of victory, at the same time its soldiers had to face many problems and they had to return from Rangoon back to Bangkok.
This struggle of Azad Hind Fauj ended when Russia and America also joined from England side against Japan in the war. Under these circumstances the struggle of Netaji's army to liberate India slowed down. In 1945, in World War II, the United States dropped atomic bombs on two of Japan's major cities, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, causing Japan to surrender and concede defeat. After the defeat of Japan, the Azad Hind Fauj was disbanded.
The disappearance of
Subhash Chandra Bose or the mysterious death of Netaji
After the disintegration of the Azad Hind Fauj, Netaji said in a message to the countrymen –
The first chapter of the Indian freedom struggle is completed and the place of East Asian sons and daughters will remain indelible in this chapter. Don't be discouraged by our temporary failure. No power in the world can keep India a slave.
According to the sources available at that time, it is said that Netaji had decided to go to Soviet Russia from the time he returned to Bangkok after the defeat in Rangoon. On 15 August 1945, Netaji held the last meeting with his Provisional Government in which it was decided that Bose along with Abid Hasan, Devnath Das, Netaji Habibur Rahman, S.A. Iyer and some other companions should leave the boxes. These people went to Russia by plane, stopping at Bangkok and Saigon.
Netaji was put on a large Japanese aircraft in Saigon. Netaji traveled with Habibur Rahman in this plane. On 18 August, he went to Taiwan by fighter plane and after that his plane mysteriously disappeared
On 23 October 1945, Tokyo's radio broadcast carried an information that the plane crashed while taking off at Taihoku Airport, in which the driver and one of his companions died on the spot and Netaji was badly scorched by the fire. He was admitted to the military hospital there and he breathed his last in this hospital.
Controversy over Netaji's death
Thus many controversies arose over the mysterious death of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose. No one could believe that the person who kept burning the spark of freedom in the hearts of the people was no more. His supporters in the Bengal province did not accept his death in the plane crash as true. After which, after the country became independent in 1947, the newly elected government of India appointed three commissions of inquiry to investigate his death.
out of which two accepted his death in a plane crash, while one commission did Netaji in its report. The story of the death in the plane crash was told a lie. The Government of India rejected this report without giving any concrete reason and made those reports public after confirming the death of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose in the plane crash on the basis of the report of the other two commissions.
Books written by Subhash Chandra Bose
Indian Freedom Struggle.
Azad Hind.
Younger dream.
Alternative Leadership.
Necessary account.
The Essential Writings of Subhas Chandra Bose.
5th Subhash Chandra Bose overall.
Battle Ranchanabali.
Chalo Delhi: Writings and Speeches, 1943 -1945.
Ideas of a Nation: Subhas Chandra Bose.
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, The Last Face in His Own World.
India's Spoken Man Abroad: Letters, Articles, Speeches and Settlement.
Life and Times of Subhas Chandra Bose, As Told in His Own Words.
Selected Speeches.
Subhas Chandra Bose Agenda for Azad Hind.
India After Independence: Selected Speeches of Subhas Chandra Bose.
Youth dreams.
At the cross roads of change.
Sayings or slogans of Subhash Chandra Bose
Give me blood, I will give you freedom!
Nationalism is inspired by Satyam, Shivam and Sundaram, the highest ideal of mankind.
There is no doubt in my mind that the major problems of our country like poverty, illiteracy, disease, efficient production and distribution can be solved only through socialist means.
It is our duty to pay the price of our freedom with our blood. We should have the strength to protect the freedom that we get through our sacrifice and hard work.
Madhya Bhavao Gudum Dadyat – That is, where there is a lack of honey, the work of honey should be extracted from the jaggery itself!
Nationalism in India has infused a creative force that had been dormant in the people for centuries.
Today we should have only one wish, the desire to die so that India can live! Willing to die the death of a martyr so that the way of freedom can be paved with the blood of martyrs.
If you have to bow down temporarily, bow down like a hero!
I do not know who among us will survive in this war of freedom! But I know it, in the end victory will be ours!
Failures are sometimes the pillars of success!
Compromise is a very impure thing!
Sufferings undoubtedly have an intrinsic moral value!
I've never had a happy life! I don't know how to do things that please others!
Struggle made me a man! I instilled confidence, which was not there before!"
Premature maturity is not good, whether it is a tree, or a person, and its loss is bound to suffer later!
I'm not at all afraid of the uncertainty of life!
I did not have innate talent, but I never had the tendency to avoid hard work!
Standing on the threshold of my college life, I realized that life has meaning and purpose!
The future is still in my hands!
Character building is the main duty of the students!
Breaking the bondage of karma is a very difficult task!
A mother's love is the deepest and most selfless! It cannot be measured in any way!
Remember, tolerating injustice and compromising with the wrong is the greatest crime.
A true soldier needs both military and spiritual training.
History bears witness that no tangible change has been achieved by mere deliberation.
