Thursday, August 26, 2021

Bhagat Singh history - An example for every youth, his full name is Shaheed-e-Azam Amar Shaheed Sardar Bhagat Singh.


Bhagat Singh  

Born- 28 September 1907 was born in Punjab.

Died - 23 March, 1931, took place in E.Kolhaur

Bhagat Singh, the brave son of Mother India, was born on 28 September 1907 in a village named Baoli or Banga in the Lyallpur district of Punjab (present-day Pakistan).  He was born in a Sikh family.  His family was associated with Arya Samaj.  His father's name was Sardar Kishan Singh and mother's name was Vidyavati Kaur.  He had 5 brothers.  Bhagat Singh's family was already known for patriotism. His father had two brothers Sardar Ajit Singh and Sardar Swaran Singh. At the time of Bhagat Singh's birth, his father and both uncles were in jail. Bhagat also had patriotism.  The feeling was full from childhood itself.

Bhagat Singh's family perspective

The entire family of Bhagat Singh was painted in the colors of patriotism.  His grandfather Sardar Arjun Dev was a staunch opponent of the British.  Arjun Dev had three sons (Sardar Kishan Singh, Sardar Ajit Singh and Sardar Swaran Singh).  In all these three people were filled with the feeling of patriotism.  Bhagat Singh's uncle Sardar Ajit Singh, along with Lala Lajpat Rai, organized the anti-people movement in Punjab against the 

partition of 1905.  In 1907, there were strong reactions to the Third Regulation Act of 1818.  To suppress which the British government took strong steps and Lala Lajpat Rai and his uncle Ajit Singh were put in jail.  Ajit Singh was sent to Rangoon jail without trial.  In response to which Sardar Kishan Singh and Sardar Swaran Singh gave opposing speeches in the public, then the British put both of them in jail.

Not only Bhagat Singh's grandfather, father and uncle, his grandmother Jai Kaur was also a very brave woman.  She was a great supporter of Sufi saint Amba Prasad, one of the leading nationalists of India at that time.  Once when Sufi saint Amba Prasad ji was staying at Sardar Arjun Singh's house, during that time the police came to arrest him, but Bhagat Singh's grandmother Jai Kaur cleverly saved him.  If we study deeply about Bhagat Singh, then it is quite clear that Bhagat was deeply influenced by the immediate circumstances of that time and his family perspective.  It is a different matter that Bhagat Singh went two steps ahead of all this.

Early life and education

Bhagat Singh's early education took place in the school of his village Banga (Baoli).  He used to go to school with his elder brother Jagat Singh.  Bhagat Singh was loved by all the children of his school.  He used to easily make everyone his friend.  He was very much loved by his friends.  Sometimes his friends used to take him on his shoulders and come to drop him home.

But Bhagat Singh was not like other ordinary children, he often left the moving class and went out to the fields.  He loved the sound of the rivers, the chirping of birds.  Bhagat was very intelligent in reading.  He would never forget the lessons he once memorized.

For further studies of Bhagat Singh, he was admitted to Dayanand Anglo School.  From here he passed his matriculation.  At that time, the non-cooperation movement was at its peak, inspired by this movement, Bhagat left the school and started making the movement successful.  After this he took admission in the National College, Lahore.  He easily passed the examination conducted for admission in the school.  Here he met Sukhdev, Yashpal and Jaiprakash Gupta, who are considered to be his closest friends.  He completed his F.A. in 1923.  By passing B.  a.  Enrolled in the first year of  Bhagat Singh B.A.  I was studying when his family members started thinking about his marriage.  On this behavior of the family members, Bhagat left the house and left.

Impact of the then circumstances on Bhagat Singh

Bhagat Singh was born at a time when there were movements all around for the independence of the country.  Everyone was opposing the British rule in his own way.  Born in such an environment, it was natural for Bhagat to be the most unique and talented.  He gave proof of this in his childhood itself.  Once, when mango trees were being sown in Bhagat Singh's fields, he was walking in the fields with his father.  Suddenly he left his father's finger and started planting the straws in the field. When his father asked him, Bhagat, what are you doing, he replied that I should use guns to liberate the country.  I'm sowing

Bhagat Singh was influenced by his uncle Sardar Ajit Singh.  Because among all his brothers, Ajit Singh was the owner of the most revolutionary ideas.  When he felt that he could not actively carry out his plans by staying in the country, he left India and started conducting his revolutionary activities from Bushahr in Iran.  The impression of his uncle on Bhagat Singh was different.

Bhagat Singh was at the age of 12 when the Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place in 1919.  This incident hurt his child's mind a lot.  He reached Jallianwala Bagh the next morning of the massacre and brought a glass vial filled with blood soaked in it and on the request of his sister Amrit Kaur, he brought that soil with him, showing that he had gone to the garden and took that vial.  Put flowers on it.  Bhagat Singh used to offer flowers to him every day as a rule.

Every member of the family in which Bhagat Singh was born was committed to fulfill his duties for Mother India.  His friends (colleagues) were also from the same background and his ideal leaders were Lala Lajpat Rai and Chandrashekhar Azad, so not expecting Bhagat to serve the country is dishonest in oneself.

Reasons for Bhagat Singh's inclination towards revolutionary activities
Bhagat Singh was 12 years old when the Jallianwala Bagh massacre (1919) took place.  Which had a deep impact on the young mind of Bhagat.  And being hurt by this incident, a spark of strong revolution erupted in his mind.  When Bhagat was studying in class nine, he used to leave his studies and go to attend the sessions of Congress.  On the call of Gandhiji's non-cooperation movement, Bhagat Singh also organized D.A.V.  Left school and started actively participating in the movement.  He collected foreign clothes and goods from place to place with his companions and burnt their Holi and encouraged people to participate in the movement.

On 5 February 1922, Gandhiji announced the suspension of this movement due to the incident of the Akali Dal closing the policemen in the police station and setting it on fire.  The suspension of this movement discouraged Bhagat a lot and his little faith in Gandhian policies was also lost.  He followed revolutionary ideas in place of Gandhian principles and started liberating India.

After the withdrawal of the non-cooperation movement, Bhagat Singh studied the revolutions of Russia, Italy and Ireland in depth.  After this deep thought he came to the conclusion that freedom can be achieved through revolution.  Keeping this concept in mind, he organized the revolutionary youth by following the path of revolution.

Revolutionary Activities of Bhagat Singh
Bhagat Singh started participating in revolutionary activities from a very young age.  At the age of 13, he left school to make the non-cooperation movement a success.

After the suspension of the non-cooperation movement, Bhagat Singh participated in the movement of the Sikh community (Gurdwara Andolan).  This movement also succeeded.  But after the success of the Sikhs in this movement, the arrogance of orthodoxy and communal narrow-mindedness increased in them.  For this reason Bhagat Singh broke his relationship with it.

After the end of Gandhiji's movement in the year 1923-24, the enthusiasm of the people had cooled down, to awaken the spirit of independence again in the people, he started organizing plays with his companions Sukhdev and Yashpal.  His first theatrical performance was "Krishna Vijay", which was based on the legend of Mahabharata.  Somewhere in it, dialogues related to his patriotism were used by changing the dialogues.  The Kaurava side was presented as the British and the Pandavas as the Indians.

By 1923, by getting the membership of the revolutionary party, the famous revolutionary Shachindranath had become a special favor of Sanyal.

With the aim of dedicating himself to the service of the country, he left Lahore (home) in 1923 and went to Kanpur at the behest of Sanyal ji.

In order to complete his revolutionary activities, he changed his name to Balwant Singh and Ganesh Shankar 'Vidyarthi' got appointed in the editing department and stayed there for some time and started writing articles under this new name.

Six months later, upon hearing of his grandmother's ill-health, he returned home on the condition of not marrying.

King Ripudaman of Nabha organized a condolence meeting in protest against the gunfire and the monstrous lathi charge at Nankana Sahab, in which a condolence meeting was organized to celebrate the day of mourning of those martyrs.  Angered by this, the British removed him from the state and placed him under house arrest in Dehradun, due to which the Akalis took out groups to protest the injustice of the British.  One such group was about to leave from Bhagat Singh's village Banga and the government and the people of the

government were trying to prove these groups insignificant.  When Bahadur Dilbagh Singh had become Honorary Magistrate in those days, he declared that in this village, not even a dry leaf would be available to the group to eat and drink.  Sardar Kishan Singh had given the responsibility of welcoming these batches to Bhagat Singh.  The Bhagat started preparing to welcome the batches.  At the appointed time, he not only welcomed the batches with pomp, but also gave a speech after meeting to welcome them.  Despite Bhagat Singh being a minor, the government issued a warrant for his arrest.  Bhagat Singh was careful.  He fled after hearing this information.

After this incident Bhagat Singh moved from Lahore to Delhi and started writing his first name as 'Veer Arjun' from Balwant Singh.

Nine Jawan Bharat Sabha was formed in March 1926.

Organized a movement against Simon by preparing Lala Lajpat Rai to lead the protest against the Simon Commission.

In December 1928, Punjab-Kesari, the murder of police officer Saunders to avenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai.

Efforts to run away the accused of Kakori incident from jail.

He threw a bomb in the assembly on 8 April 1929 along with his companions Batukeshwar Dutt and Sukhdev.

Hunger strike on 15 June 1929 in favor of prisoners for equal treatment, food and other facilities to the prisoners.

refusal to marry
Bhagat Singh was very dear to his grandmother.  After the death of his brother (Jagat Singh), their love turned into infatuation.  At his behest, Sardar Kishan Singh fixed the marriage in a wealthy Sikh family of the neighboring village.  He was very happy the day the lucky ones came to see him.  Treated the guests with courtesy and even sent them off till Lahore.  But when he came back, he refused to marry.

(6 father made various excuses on asking the reason. Said I will not get married until I can stand on my feet, now my age is less  And I will get married at least from matriculation pass. Hearing his excuses like this, Kishan Singh said with apprehension that you will get married and this decision is the last decision. Their engagement has been fixed. Bhagat Singh will visit his father on the day of engagement  Leaving his name letter, he fled from Lahore to Kanpur. His words written in that letter are as follows:-

Hello dear father-

My life has become a waqf for the purpose of Amul i.e. Azadi-e-Hind.  That is why in my life worldly misery is not a vice.

You will remember that when I was young, Bapuji had announced at the time of my Yagyopaveet that Waqf has been done for Khidmate Vatan, so I am fulfilling the promise of that time.

I hope you will forgive me.

your subordinate

Bhagat Singh

When Bhagat returned home after this absconding, he got the news of his grandmother's illness.  At the same time, the family members promised not to insist on the marriage.  Bhagat came and did a lot of service to his grandmother, due to which his grandmother got well soon.

Formation of Naujawan Bharat Sabha (March 1926)
Bhagat Singh returned to Lahore and formed the Naujawan Bharat Sabha in the year 1926, which was another face of the Hindustan Socialist Praja Sangh.  This assembly was established to inculcate the spirit of militant nationalism.  The main facilitators of that meeting were Bhagwati Charan and Bhagat Singh.  Bhagat Singh became the general secretary and Bhagwati Charan became the propaganda secretary.

The main goals of setting it up were

Protecting Indian languages ​​and culture, promoting physical, mental health.

To remove the evils prevalent in the society.

Achieving political goals by reaching among the masses.
To establish a complete, independent republic of workers and peasants all over India.

To create a feeling of patriotism for the making of an Akhand Bharat Nation.

To sympathize with, support those economic, social, and industrial movements that are anti-communal and help in the realization of the ideal republican state of peasant workers.

Organizing farmers and laborers.

Bhagat Singh's Jail Journey (29 July 1927) and Life After Release
Bhagat Singh had returned from somewhere outside and had landed at Amritsar station.  Just a few steps ahead, he saw a soldier chasing him.  When he increased his steps, he also increased his speed.  Bhagat Singh walked in and a blind eye started between the two.  While running, he looked at the board of a house.  It was written on it – Sardar Sharduli Singh Advocate.  Bhagat went inside that house.  Lawyer Sahab was watching the file sitting on the table.  Bhagat told them the whole situation and took out his pistol and placed it on the table.  Lawyer Sahab put the pistol inside the table and ordered the servant to have breakfast.

After some time the policeman also reached there and asked the lawyer whether he had seen any Sikh youth running away.  The lawyer pointed towards Kirti's office.

Bhagat Singh stayed at Vakil Saheb's house for the whole day and reached Lahore at night from Chharata station.  When he was going home with the tonga, the police surrounded the tonga and arrested Bhagat.

The name of this arrest was something and the basis was something else.  Someone threw a bomb at the Dussehra fair in Lahore, killing 10-12 men and injuring more than 50.  This was called the Dussehra bombing incident and taking advantage of this opportunity, the British spread the rumor that this bomb was thrown by the revolutionaries.

On seeing it was the arrest of Dussehra bomb case, but in reality its purpose was to get information about the absconders of Kakori case and other related revolutionaries.  Despite police torture and thousands of attempts, Bhagat did not tell them anything.  Bhagat spent 15 days in the jail of Lahore and then sent him to the jail of Birstal.

Due to the legal proceedings of Sardar Kishan Singh, the police were compelled to produce Bhagat before the magistrate.  After a few weeks, he was released on bail as he could not get anything out of Bhagat Singh.  The bail amount of Bhagat Singh was 60 thousand which was in the headlines of the newspapers of that time.

After coming on bail, he did not do any such thing that his bail would be in danger and his family would be affected.  For him, his father got a dairy opened near Lahore.  Bhagat Singh now started looking after the dairy work and at the same time kept on carrying out revolutionary activities secretly.  Dairy would have been a dairy during the day and a haven of revolutionaries by night.  It was here that advice would be given and the fabric of plans would be woven.

Bhagat Singh was on bail.  To break this barrier, he kept on petitioning the government that "either prosecute Bhagat or end the bail".  The question was raised by Bodhraj in the Punjab Council regarding Bhagat's bail, on the same subject notice of Dr. Gopichand Bhargava, the government announced the termination of Bhagat's bail.

learn the art of making bombs
After the Saunders assassination, the organization started receiving donations.  Now Hinspras was looking for a man who was skilled in the science of making bombs.  At the same time in Calcutta, Bhagat Singh was introduced to Yatindra Das, who was skilled in the art of making bombs.  Upon finding a person making bombs, Bhagat Singh wished that one representative of each province should take this education so that bomb makers would not be rare in future.

In Calcutta, the work of making guncotton used for making bombs was done in the highest cell of the Arya Samaj temple in Cornwallis Street.  Phanindra Ghosh, Kamal Nath Tiwari, Vijay and Bhagat Singh were present among those who learned this art at that time.

After learning to make bombs in Calcutta, the goods were sent to Agra in two units.  In Agra, two houses were arranged, one in the asafetida market and the other in the barber's market.  Sukhdev and Kundal Lal were also called to teach the art of making bombs in the barber market.

The plan and implementation of the bombing of the assembly
The idea of ​​throwing bombs in the assembly was in Bhagat's mind from the time of the National College and he had prepared the outline of the work when he was going from Calcutta to Agra.  In order to make this plan work, Jaidev Kapoor was engaged in connecting such reliable sources in Delhi so that whenever he wants, he can get the pass to go to the assembly.  With these dice, Bhagat, Azad and many other companions went there and made a complete outline from where the bomb should be thrown and where it should fall.

After this plan three questions arose.  The questions were when to throw the bomb, who to throw it, and after throwing the bomb, run away or be arrested.  Azad wanted that it was right to run away after throwing a bomb because after going to the meeting and looking at all the routes, he understood that throwing a bomb could easily run away.  His plan was to keep the motor outside and easily drive away the bombers.

But Bhagat Singh was in favor of being arrested.  He wanted to make the 'Gupta Movement' a movement of the people.  He believed that arrest should be made and through trial the public should be made aware of their views.  Because things that cannot be said like this can be said openly in court during the trial.  And those things will be presented by making newspaper headlines.  So that your message can be easily conveyed to the masses.

Bhagat Singh had a plan to throw bombs in the assembly, so everyone knew that throwing bombs would also go the same way.  When Vijay Kumar Sinha supported Bhagat in the meeting, the importance of his talk increased even more.

All these things were happening that the news was received that the Viceroy had accepted the invitation of the official people of the Assembly to feast on the day of Holi.  On this information, it was immediately decided in the assembly that the Viceroy should be attacked only.  Rajguru, Jaidev Kapoor and Shiv Varma were appointed for this task.  When, how, where to throw the bomb on the Viceroy, everything was decided.  But this plan failed as the Viceroy did not follow the prescribed path.  After this it was decided to throw a bomb on the assembly again.

The Public Safety Bill and the Trade Disputes Bill were to be introduced in the Central Assembly.  In which the purpose of the first bill (Public Safety Bill) was to thwart the movements within the country and the purpose of the second bill (Trade Disputes Bill) was to deprive the workers of the right to strike.  Bhagat Singh decided to throw a bomb in the assembly on this occasion and it was decided to throw pamphlets along with it to make his objective clear.

On 8 April 1929, when the Viceroy's announcement was about to be announced, it was decided to throw bombs on both the bills.  All the companions of Hinpras were ordered to leave Delhi.  Only Shiv Varma and Jaidev Kapoor had to stay in Delhi.  Jai Dev Kapoor made both (Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt) sit at a place from where the bomb could be easily thrown without harming anyone.

As soon as the bill was declared to have been passed by the Viceroy of Privileges, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt stood in their places and continuously threw two bombs one after the other, and with those bombs pamphlets of their objectives in the meeting, gallery and audience gallery.  Throw it too.  There was chaos all around in the assembly.  When the black smoke after the detonation of the bomb cleared, the hall was empty.  Only three people – Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya, Motilal Nehru and Mohammad Ali Jinnah – were sitting among the members.  And Batukeshwar Dutt and Bhagat Singh stood in their place.  After throwing the bomb, he enthusiastically raised the slogan Inquilab Zindabad!  Imperialism should be destroyed."

After Bhagat Singh and Dutt surrendered they were taken to the Delhi Police Station.  One of the pamphlets thrown by him was cleverly picked up by the Hindustan Times correspondent and also printed in the evening's edition.  When Bhagat and Dutt were asked to give statements in the Kotwali, both of them refused saying that whatever we have to say, we will say it in the court itself.  Police put him in Delhi Jail.

Legal proceedings and punishment after the arrest of Bhagat and Dutt
After his arrest, on 24 April 1929, he wrote a letter to his father.  On 3 May 1929, he met his father Kishan Singh.  Asafali Vakil Sahab also came with his father.  Sardar Kishan Singh was in favor of fighting the case in full force and manner in the defense, but Bhagat Singh did not agree with this decision of his father.  Bhagat ji asked Asafali ji some laws and the conversation ended at that time.

On 7 May 1929, the trial started in the jail itself in the court of Mr. Poole, who was then the Additional Magistrate.  But Bhagat Singh firmly said that we will present our side in front of the Sessions Judge only.  For this reason, his case under Section 3 of the Indian Law, the Sessions Judge Mr.  Sent to Milton's court and trial began on 4 June 1929 under a Sessions Judge in Delhi Jail.  The trial of the case ended on 10 June 1929 and on 12 June the Sessions Judge gave a 41-page judgment in which both the accused were sentenced to life imprisonment.  And what caught everyone's attention during this entire hearing was Bhagat Singh's disinterest in defending himself.  After life imprisonment, Bhagat Singh was sent to Miyanwali Jail and Batukeshwar Dutt to Lahore Jail.

After this, an appeal was made to the High Court for this case to spread his thoughts more widely among the countrymen and during the hearing of that appeal, Bhagat Singh again conveyed his ideas to the countrymen and gradually people started following them.  Started.  Bhagat Singh's goal was largely successful.

On 13 January 1930, while upholding the decision of the Sessions Judge, he was sentenced to life imprisonment.

Hunger strike in jail by Bhagat Singh (15 June 1929 – 5 October 1929)
During the assembly bomb case trial, Bhagat Singh and Dutt were placed in the European class.  Bhagat was treated well there, but Bhagat was one of the people who lived for all.  In the prison there, he went on a hunger strike on 15 June 1929 to protest against the mistreatment and discrimination faced by Indian prisoners.  He also wrote a letter to the officer of Miyawali Jail on June 17, 1929, regarding his change from one jail to another.  His demand was legal, so in the last week of June he was shifted to Lahore Central Jail.  At that time he was on hunger strike.  Due to hunger, his condition had become such that a stretcher was used to take him to the cell.

Preliminary proceedings began on 10 July 1929 in the court of Shri Krishna, the Magistrate of Lahore.  In that hearing Bhagat and Batukeshwar Dutt were brought on a stretcher.  Seeing this, there was an outcry in the whole country.  In sympathy with their comrades, the fellow accused in Bosterl's prison announced a fast.  Yatindra Nath Das joined the hunger strike after 4 days.

On 14 July 1929, Bhagat Singh sent a letter of his demands to the Home Members of the Government of India, in which the following demands were made:-

As political prisoners, we should also be given good food, so the standard of our food should also be like European prisoners.  We do not ask for the same dosage, but the dosage level.

We should not be compelled to do honorable work in jails in the name of effort.

There should be facility to take reading and writing material without any restriction on pre-approval (which are approved by the jail authorities).

Every political prisoner should get at least one daily paper.
Every prison should have a ward for political prisoners, which should have facilities to fulfill all the requirements that Europeans have and all political prisoners living in a prison should live in the same ward.

There should be facilities for bathing.

You should get good clothes.

U.P.  The recommendation of Shri Jagatnarayan and Khan Bahadur Hafiz Hidayat Ali Hussain in the Prison Reforms Committee that political prisoners should be treated like prisoners of good class should be implemented on us.

The hunger strike had become a matter of honor for the government.  Here Bhagat's weight was also decreasing by 5 pounds every day.  On 2 September 1929, the government set up the Jail Inquiry Committee.

On September 13, along with Bhagat Singh, the whole country was engulfed in pain and drenched with tears when Bhagat Singh's friend and colleague Yatindranath Das was martyred in a hunger strike.

On the martyrdom of Yatindranath Das, there was a feeling of outrage in the whole country.  Here the government was troubled by this hunger strike.  Both the government and the leaders of the country wanted to stop this hunger strike in their own ways.  For this purpose, the jail committee appointed by the government sent its recommendations to the government.  Bhagat Singh was apprehensive that his demands would be accepted to a great extent.  Bhagat Singh said that we are ready to break the hunger strike on the condition that all of us should be given an opportunity to do this together.  The government agreed to this.

On 5 October 1929, Bhagat Singh ended his 114-day historic strike by eating lentil phulka along with his comrades.

Bhagat Singh sentenced to death
The British government wanted to end this case (Lahore Conspiracy) at the earliest by giving it a final touch.  For this purpose, on 1 May 1930, the Governor General Lord Irwin issued an order.  Accordingly, a Special Tribunal of 3 judges was appointed.  Which had the right that in the absence of the accused, it could decide the trial ex-parte without the presence of the cleaning lawyers and the cleaning witnesses and in the absence of the examination of the government witnesses.  On 5 May 1930, the trial of the Lahore Conspiracy Case started before this tribunal.

After the boycott of this tribunal on 13 May 1930, again a new tribunal was formed in which Justice G.  C. Hilton – President, Justice Abdul Qadir – Member, Justice J.  Of.  Tap was a member.  The same tribunal gave a one-sided decision on the morning of 7 October 1930.  This judgment was of 68 pages, in which Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were hanged, Kamal Nath Tiwari, Vijaykumar Sinha, Jaidev Kapoor, Shiv Verma, Gayaprasad, Kishorilal and Mahavir Singh got the punishment of black water for life.  Kundal Lal was sentenced to 7 years and Prem Dutt was sentenced to 3 years.

It was absolutely certain from the attitude of the government that whatever happens, it will definitely hang Bhagat Singh.  An appeal was made against this decision in the Privy Council in November 1930.  But this too was of no use.

On March 24, 1931, it was decided to hang Bhagat Singh.  But to avoid the mass revolt, the government hanged Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev at 7.33 pm on 23 March 1931 and these great immortal personalities were martyred for instilling the feeling of patriotism among their countrymen.

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