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Sunday, August 22, 2021

how to reduce fat simple ways

 
how to reduce fat simple ways

how to reduce fat simple ways

There are many diets that help you lose weight fast - some of them make you feel hungry and some can't eat.  But is it good to lose weight, to get it back?  To keep several pounds off permanently, it's best to lose weight gradually, and many experts agree that you can lose weight without going on "diets".  You just need to make some changes in your lifestyle.

One pound of fat is equal to 3500 calories.  By reducing 500 calories a day through diet and exercise modifications, you can lose about a pound in a week.  If you just want to maintain your current weight, eliminating 100 calories per day is plenty, allowing you to lose one to two pounds of weight, which adds up to an adult every year.  Follow one or more of these simple, pain-free plans to help you lose weight without going on a "diet."
have breakfast every day

Many people think skipping breakfast is a good way to cut calories, but they usually eat more throughout the day.  "Studies show that people who eat breakfast have a lower BMI and perform better in school or in the boardroom than those who do not."  For a quick and great start to your day, have a bowl of just cereals with fruits and low-fat dairy.

chew your food
Set a timer of 20 minutes and watch yourself how slowly you eat.  This is one of the main habits of practicing weight loss without complicated diet plan.  Taste each bite and taste it until the bell rings.

More sleep, less weight - An hour more sleep each night can help a person lose 14 pounds in a year, according to University of Michigan researchers who cut 2,500 calories per day.  This suggests that you can cut calories by 6 percent without doing anything by sleeping in place of inactive activities – such as eating useless snacks.
eat more vegetables

eat more vegetables
Serve three vegetables with tonight instead of just one, and you'll eat more without really trying.  More variety drives people to eat more food – and eating more fruits and vegetables is a great way to lose weight.

drink soup
Have soup at the beginning of a meal, as it controls your appetite and slows down the process of eating.  Don't have soups with cream, it can be high in fat and calories.
Check out your old skin tight clothes

Hang an old favorite dress, skirt, or jeans up front and look at them everyday.  Keep your eyes on this.  Choose an item that's a bit small, so that you can wear it as a reward very soon.  For your next little goal, pick out last year's cocktail dress.
Make a Better Slice of Pizza

Choose vegetables instead of meat to garnish the pizza and you can cut 100 calories from your meal.

cut sugar
Replace sugar-sweetened drinks like regular soda with water or zero-calorie fruit juices and stay away from 10 teaspoons of sugar.
Use a tall, thin glass

To reduce the calories you get from liquids without dieting, use a tall, thin glass instead of a short and wide glass.  You'll drink 25% to 30% less of juice, soda, wine, or any other beverage.

 limit alcohol
Alcohol contains one gram more calories than carbohydrates or proteins.  It can lighten your resolution, causing you to eat chips, peanuts, and other things beyond your normal limit without thinking.

Take Green Tea – Drinking green tea can be a good strategy for weight loss.
do yoga and meditation

According to a study, women who do yoga have more ability to lose weight than others.  What's the relation?  People who do regular yoga take a "conscious" approach to their food.

eat at home
Cook food at home for at least five days in a week.  A Consumer Reports survey found that the habit was at the top of people who were successful in losing weight.  Find it challenging?  Cooking can be easier than you think.
Lose weight of children like this

Lose weight of children like this!

Nowadays, the complaints of obesity in children are increasing.  Obesity causes physical as well as mental problems.  Many times children start falling prey to inferiority complex due to obesity.  In such a situation, the increasing obesity disease in children can be reduced by taking these measures.

excercise
To reduce obesity, inculcate the habit of workout in children, encourage them to keep the body fit and if possible, you should also exercise with them.  This will boost the morale of the child and he will focus on exercise with more enthusiasm.  Tell them the benefits of yoga.  Also joining a health club is also a good solution.  Ask them to play outdoor games.  By this the weight of the children will be controlled.

expert advice
If your child's obesity is increasing continuously, then take it seriously and consult an expert about it.  Rapid weight gain of the baby can also be a sign of some disease.  In such a situation, expert advice will prove to be effective and you will know what is the reason for the child's weight gain.

healthy diet

To lose weight, it is very important to take special care of the diet of children.  Actually, children like junk or fast food, which are most responsible for increasing obesity.  Stop children from eating such food.  Keep lentils and green vegetables in their food.  Keep children away from high calorie snacks and chocolates.  Give them a healthy diet.

lose weight by drinking lukewarm water
Water is very important for our body.  A person cannot live without water, but lukewarm or hot water is also no less beneficial.  It is a mine of virtues.  Drinking lukewarm water reduces obesity.

Warm water is very beneficial for people suffering from obesity.  Sip a glass of lukewarm water half an hour after eating food and drink it, body weight is reduced.  The logic behind this is that lukewarm or hot water flushes out the toxic elements of the body.  Due to this, the process of cleaning the body's dirt is accelerated and the dirt comes out through the kidneys.

Apart from this, drinking some warm water also relieves constipation.  Bathing with warm water eliminates fatigue and makes the skin glow.  Along with reducing weight, using hot water also balances blood circulation.  Drinking hot water mixed with lemon and honey increases immunity, as well as this mixture is also beneficial in reducing weight.  For proper kidney care, one should drink lukewarm water twice a day in the morning and evening.  Due to which the dirt present in the body comes out and the body remains clean.
 Control the growing stomach with some special abstinence in food


Often the onset of many diseases starts with the problem of stomach discharge.  According to a health expert, we can avoid belly fat by reducing the amount of salt in our diet every day and using more and more fiber-rich food rich in potassium.

Robin Chutkan, a gastroenterologist who founded the Digestive Center in Washington, USA, says in his new book that women are more prone to belly fat than men.  The main reason for this is that the length of the intestine of women is more.

According to the website femalefirst.co.uk, in this new book, Chutkan has told that there are some basic differences in the digestive system of women and men.  Therefore, some precautions should be taken to prevent stomach from coming out.

Some special tips of chutkan are as follows-
Excessive use of salt in food can also lead to flatulence.  Eat a maximum of 1500 mg of salt in a day.

The best way to stay fit and slim is to use a mixture of food containing soluble and insoluble fiber.  Avoid excessive filling of the stomach, as it leads to constipation.

Since sodium maintains the water level in the body, potassium helps in getting rid of excess water.  Consuming foods rich in potassium like bananas and sweet potatoes helps in slimming the mid-waist area.

By consuming enough water, the food fibers are able to do their work in a better way and keep the complaint of constipation away.

Stay away from foods that are difficult to digest, such as sugary or fatty foods.

Our body is not able to digest flavored beverages, low carbohydrate and sugar free foods easily.

Bacteria found in the large intestine try to ferment them, causing gas in the stomach and bloating.
With the help of just these two exercises, the belly will be less.

If you are troubled by your belly and are working hard to get it in shape, then stop for a while and think for once that it is not that you will make yourself sick in the process of removing excess fat from the body.  Are you making

Every person wants that he can become fit by reducing the belly peeping out of shirt or T-shirt.  And for this, many people do different types of exercises day and night.  But they do not know that instead of benefiting from it, they are not harming.

Yes, fitness experts tell that those who are maintaining an exercise routine for weight loss, they should be careful and first decide which exercise and how much exercise is better for them.  People who do all kinds of exercises without thinking, they can get harm instead of benefit.  You will be glad to know that you do not have a lot to reduce your weight.

Rather, two exercises are enough.  But along with exercise, it is also important to take care of diet and routine.  So let's know which are these exercises and what is the right way to do them.


kettle ball swing
In group classes, you will be taught to do plyometrics (a type of exercise that involves very fast movements).  In this, by tying weights, the table has to be kept jumping.  But jumping and crossing the step-up bench and then tying a dumbbell or light weight to the ankle can be dangerous, as it can lead to injury.

Although jumping burns a lot of calories, but the point is that jumping with weights can stretch a tissue or muscle or even cause injury.  Fitness experts suggest that if you want to jump, swing the kettle ball.  Dumbbells and barbells should only be used in resistance training programs, where all your movements are closely monitored by the trainer.

Kettle ball exercise requires standing in a bent position (half bend).  After this, a little gap is made in both the legs and holding the kettle balls in both the hands, it is swinging between the legs and lifting them up to the shoulders.

boat style
This exercise to stretch the body in the shape of a boat is a very effective and beneficial exercise to reduce belly fat.  To do this, sit on the ground, so both your legs should be straight.  Now while raising both the hands, draw the breath and while bending, touch both the toes with the hands.  During this try to touch your knees with your shoulders.  Do this exercise three times a day.  Within a few weeks, you will be able to feel the reduction in your belly fat.

Don't take a fad diet.  Detox is not the best way to lose weight.  Rapid weight loss can prove to be dangerous at times.  A fad diet prevents you from becoming fat, but it can be associated with many health problems and in many cases, you become fatter than before.  Eat nutritious food on time and eat little less than hunger.

For weight loss, first of all contact a dietician and make a suitable diet plan so that you can lose weight in a healthy way and exercise can also have full effect.  Better results can be achieved by taking both diet and exercise together for weight loss.

Workout on an empty stomach then touches the fat
Another mantra to get rid of obesity has come.  A recent research has found that by getting up early in the morning and doing regular exercise before breakfast, obesity runs away quickly.  According to research, people who exercise after breakfast can reduce their obesity by up to 20 percent more than those who workout after breakfast.

Through this study, the researchers tried to find out whether exercising in the morning after being hungry all night increases appetite and makes people eat more food.  In the study, 12 active people were asked to exercise on a treadmill for some time around 10 in the morning.  These included people who exercised both before and after breakfast.

Later all the participants were given chocolate milk shake and pasta was given for lunch.  The participants were told that they could eat their stomach full.  Researchers Emma Stevenson and Javier Gonzalez's group found that participants who exercised without breakfast did not feel the need for more food during the day.  The participants who exercised on an empty stomach were able to lose 20 percent more fat than expected!
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Saturday, August 21, 2021

how to reduce belly remedies

how to reduce belly remedies

how to reduce belly remedies

Their diet plays an important role in keeping people healthy and fit.  Due to the busy routine, the physical activity of people is decreasing day by day, due to which the calories taken are converted into fat and are visible in the areas around your stomach. 

Often people are engaged in losing weight.  But the problem that comes the most is to remove the fat around the stomach.  Do you know that some people are not fat but a lot of fat accumulates around their stomach.  Fat deposited on the stomach not only spoils your health but it also spoils your look.  Know with us about easy and effective ways to reduce belly fat and see the difference-

Avoid drinking water after eating
It has often been seen that people drink a lot of water after eating food, which is one of the main reasons for stomach upset.  It is not advisable to drink water at the end of the meal, but water should be drunk only after an hour and a half.  If you feel real thirsty, then drink just a cup of tepid water after the meals.

eat little by little

eat little by little

Instead of eating three times, eat little by little several times.  Keep eating something every two hours.  Due to this, the metabolism of the body remains fine as well as the level of energy is also maintained.  Increase the amount of protein in the diet.  They take longer to digest and keep the stomach full for a long time.  The white part of Egg, fat-free milk and Yogurt, Grilled Fish and vegetables will make you slim and fit.

honey is beneficial

As we all know honey is a mine of virtues.  It is also effective in reducing obesity.  Drink warm water mixed with honey every morning.  By adopting this process regularly, you will soon see the effect.

drink green tea

drink green tea
If you are very fond of drinking tea, then instead of drinking milk tea, drink antioxidant-rich green tea, or black tea.  It contains an amino acid called theanine, which secretes such chemicals in the brain and controls your appetite.

walk morning stay fit
Go for a walk every morning and don't forget to take a walk after dinner too.  This will help in reducing the extra calories of stomach and waist.  Because going on a regular walk burns 25% of the calories.  If you want to reduce the stomach quickly, then keep a walk session of thirty minutes.  If you cannot walk at a constant speed, then take an interval in between.  Go fast for a while and then slow down.

fast
If you are very fond of food and drink and are also troubled by this habit, then the easiest way is to fast at least once a week.  You can also stick to liquids for one day a week, such as water, lemonade, milk, juice, soup, etc. or you can have only salad or fruit on some days.

take care of food

If you eat a lot of junk food or you like to eat oily food, then start avoiding them now.  Eat chapati by mixing barley and gram flour, especially instead of normal flour, by this you will be slim trim soon.  By eating a few grams of almonds daily, the size of the waist can be reduced by six and a half inches in 24 weeks.  So decide from today itself that you will definitely include 100 grams of nuts daily in your diet.  Along with being rich in calories, they are also rich in fiber.  Take balanced calories in food.  You must take at least 2000 calories in a day.

get some sleep
It is also important to get enough sleep along with a balanced diet and exercise.  Due to lack of sleep, stress hormones are released which prompt you to eat, which also increases belly fat.  People who sleep 6 to 7 hours a night have less belly fat.  People who get more or less sleep than this are more prone to stomach problems.

yoga is necessary

yoga is necessary
To reduce waist and stomach, you should wake up regularly in the morning and do yoga.  Anyway, you can stay healthy with yoga.  But especially you should do such asanas which help in reducing your stomach and waist.  Do all the activities of Surya Namaskar, Sarvangasana, Bhujangasana, Vajrasana, Padmasana, Shalabhasan etc. daily.

exercise the ball
Lie flat on the ground with your back straight.  Now take a big ball with exercise on your hands and raise both your feet up.  Now hold the ball of your hands in your feet and then take the feet down and come up with the ball again.  Then hold the ball that has been lifted from the feet again in the hands.  Do this action 12 times in a row. By doing this, the fat deposited on the stomach will start reducing in a few days.

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Friday, August 20, 2021

Mohammed bin Salman biography

Mohammed bin Salman biography

Mohammed bin Salman biography

Mohammed bin Salman, full name Muhammad ibn Salman ibn Abd al-Aziz Al Said also known as MBS, (born 31 August 1985), member of the Saudi royal family, who served as Minister of Defense (2015–) and Crown of Saudi Arabia  Served as Prince.  Arab (2017–).  He is the son of Saudi King Salman bin Abdulaziz and his third wife Fahdah bint Fala ibn Suleiman.

early life

From a young age, Mohammad was interested in the government, lived in the shadow of his father and was conscious of his image.  Along the way he learned to communicate with a variety of dignitaries and to avoid the imprudent.  He attended King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 

where he graduated in 2007 with a bachelor's degree in law.  He later founded several firms and a non-profit organization with the aim of promoting entrepreneurship in the state.  In 2009 he became a formal advisor to his father, who was then the governor of Riyadh.  As Salman rose in rank and influence, eventually becoming Crown Prince in 2012, his trusted son Mohammed was raised with him.

Minister and Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, despite being only 29 years old when his father

In charge of defense and economic policy

King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia died in January 2015 and Salman became king.  He immediately appointed Mohamed as his defense minister.  Within a few months, Mohammed began an aggressive military intervention in Yemen's civil war.  Known as Operation Decisive Hurricane, the objective of the operation is to overthrow the government of the Yemeni President.  Abd Rabbu Mansour Hadi has a decisive advantage against the Shia Houthi

insurgency in the north of the country.  It was thought that a Houthi victory could give Saudi Arabia's main regional rival Iran a foothold on Saudi Arabia's southern border.  The campaign, however, failed to turn the tide in the war and resulted in a prolonged standoff and one of the worst humanitarian crises in modern history.

Mohamed was also placed in charge of the state oil company Aramco and the Council on Economic and Development Affairs, the country's primary policy-making body for economic development.  He sought to open Aramco to an initial public offering (IPO) and launched bold development initiatives, such as his Vision 2030 plan designed to attract foreign investment to industries outside its energy sector.  However, some of these policies proved too ambitious.  Although he expected Aramco to launch the world's biggest IPO in early 2017, the move was repeatedly delayed.

Prince

Mohamed was appointed Crown Prince in June 2017 and has wasted no time in pursuing his audacious goals.  A few days later he led a multistate blockade against Qatar, not only for his friendly stance towards Iran but also for his support of rival non-state actors in the region such as the Muslim Brotherhood.  Although the blockade caused a crisis for Qatar in the short term, the country used its funds to move its economy away from dependence on its fellow Gulf countries.

At times his outspokenness overseas had the opposite effect and caused a backlash internationally.  In November 2017, Lebanese Prime Minister Saad al-Hariri suddenly resigned under suspicious circumstances during a visit to Riyadh.  It was only after significant international pressure that Hariri was allowed to return to Lebanon, where he immediately suspended his resignation.  The circumstances behind the bizarre episode remained unclear, but Mohamed reflected the world's skepticism at an investment conference a year later when he cracked a joke about Hariri's kidnapping.

Around the same time as Hariri's awkward resignation, dozens of Saudi princes, business leaders and senior officials were arrested.  The maneuver was billed as an anti-corruption sweep.

But because the detainees were some of the country's richest and most powerful men – including mega-billionaire Prince al-Waleed bin Talal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud – many observers doubted that the sweep's real purpose was at the hands of Mohamed.  I wanted to gain power. 

Many were released only after relinquishing partial control of their businesses to the state or paying billions of dollars.  The Saudi government is believed to have collected more than $100 billion from the move.

Despite being clearly shaken, Mohamed was initially revered abroad as a reformer at home.  His policies began to ease, often to the conservative Saudi and Wahhabi religious establishment, many of the strict social restrictions Saudi Arabia was known for.

In line with her effort to promote tourism in the state, the ban on cinemas was lifted and women were allowed to participate in sporting events.  In 2018 she loosened the public dress code a bit, saying that women are not required to wear a long black cloak in publi.

Later that year women were allowed to obtain driving licenses, allowing women to go to work, go to school, or work without accompaniment.  Nevertheless, these moves towards liberalization appeared to be driven by economic gains and not by the desire for freedom.  While women were offered new options 

that allowed them to earn and spend money without the need to provide constant consent and transportation to their male guardians, the government also cracked down on women activists who fought for greater independence.  The pressure was on.

In October 2018, Mohammed plotted the extra-judicial murder of Jamal Khashoggi, a prominent journalist and exiled government critic who once served as an adviser and aide to the Saudi ambassador 8546_$_On the orders of Mohammed, Saudi operatives took Khashoggi to Istanbul.  He was taken to the Saudi consulate in the U.S., where they tortured and hacked him.  Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoan voices opposition to the assassination 

committed on Turkish soil against a dissident living in exile, raising international concerns of both the state's sovereignty and human rights.  The fallout was implied as the royal family continued to shirk responsibility for the incident, but Mohamed's image abroad was tarnished.

Mohammed once again detained fellow members of the Saudi royal family in March 2020.  Under investigation for treason, the detainees are said to have included princes very close to the throne, including King Salman's brother Ahmed and Mohammed bin's former Crown Prince Muhammad ibn Nayef.  Salman replaced him.

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Mohammed bin Salman Lifestyle is worth more than 214 billion rupees

Mohammed bin Salman Lifestyle is worth more than 214 billion rupees

Mohammed bin Salman Lifestyle is worth more than 214 billion rupees

There are more than one rich people in the world, who have the wealth of crores and billions and they live their life with dignity.  One such emir is Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud, also known as MBS.  He is currently the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia and will also become the King of this country in the future.  Mohammed bin Salman, 35, will ascend the throne following the death of his father, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, 83.  Prince Mohammed is known for his extravagant expenses and luxury lifestyle.  Let's know some special things about them...

Apart from being the Crown Prince, Mohammed bin Salman is also the Deputy Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia and the youngest Defense Minister in the world.  Although the royal family of Saudi Arabia is very rich, whose total personal wealth is about $ 1.4 trillion i.e. about 86 lakh crore rupees, but in this, the personal wealth of Mohammed bin Salman alone is more than three billion dollars i.e. more than 214 billion rupees.  Is !

According to media reports, Prince Mohammed bin Salman is very fond of cars.  He has 18 of the most expensive cars in the world, which includes cars like Rolls Royce, Bugatti, Lamborghini, Bentley and Ferrari.  It is said that crores of rupees are spent every month only on the maintenance of these cars.

Prince Mohammed bin Salman is also fond of buying the world's most expensive paintings.  A few years ago, a report appeared in the New York Times, in which it was told that Prince Salman had bought a painting for $ 450 million.

Prince Mohammed bin Salman is very educated.  He holds a bachelor's degree from King Saud University in Riyadh.  Talking about his married life, he has a wife with whom he has two daughters and two sons.  According to a report in The Sun, the names of his sons are Prince Salman and Prince Famous while the names of daughters are Princess Fahda and Princess Nora.  However, there is no information about the exact age of these children.
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Saudi Arabia's ruling royal family lifestyle

    Saudi Arabia's ruling royal family lifestyle


Saudi Arabia's ruling royal family lifestyle

Saudi Arabia's ruling royal family has a net worth of about $1.4 trillion, which is 16 times more than that of the British royal family.

The ruling monarchy draws most of its income from vast oil reserves that were founded 75 years ago, changing the country's fortune and making the House of Saud the richest family on earth.

According to the House of Saud, the wealth of $1.4 trillion belongs to nearly 15,000 royal family members who live in lavish palaces. State-owned oil company, Saudi Aramco, which is among the world’s most valuable and profitable companies, constitutes the backbone of the sprawling royal family's fortune

The family is renowned for maintaining an enviable lifestyle, which has come under severe criticism on several occasions for being wastefully extravagant and full of pomposity. With the controversial elevation of Muhammad bin Salman (MBS) to the position of crown prince, the past few years have been rocky for the family. MBS arrested several of his family members, including his first cousins, in what appears to be a power struggle playing out along the margins of cruelty and cajolery mirroring the fictional book and TV series Game of Thrones. 

But the culture of extravagant and reckless spending thrives amidst the politics of ambition and vengeance. From spending hundreds of millions on lavish luxuries such as superyachts and private jets to fuelling wars in the Middle East, here's a glimpse of the ruling family’s life.

Unbridled luxury 

From gold-studded super yachts and private jets and palaces to furniture made of gold, the royal family even uses tissue paper plucked from gold-plated tissue dispensers.

In 2017, the 34-year-old Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, also known as MBS, spent $450.3 million for Leonardo da Vinci’s 500-year-old painting ‘Salvator Mundi’ purchasing it through a proxy.
Salvator Mundi’

The painting "Salvator Mundi" by School of Leonardo da Vinci is pictured during a press visit of the "Leonardo da Vinci" exhibition to commemorate the 500-year anniversary of his death, at the Louvre Museum in Paris, France, October 20, 2019. (Reuters)

The sale of the painting, which is also known as ‘Jesus Christ’ was a record for an art auction.

The Prince has paid over $300 million for the Chateau Louis XIV, located in France, called “the world’s most expensive home” by Fortune magazine.

The chateau has 10 bedrooms, indoor and outdoor pools together with a cinema, a wine cellar and a moat with transparent underwater chamber.
Saudi Arabia's ruling royal family lifestyle

An aerial view of a luxurious private house in Louveciennes, near Paris July 14, 2011. (Reuters)

“I'm a rich person and not a poor person. I'm not Gandhi or Mandela. I'm a member of the ruling family that existed for hundreds of years before the founding of Saudi Arabia,” MBS told CBS over his spending and personal life.

The crown prince is reportedly trying to buy a football club, which is believed to be Newcastle United, in the Premier League after failing to acquire Manchester United. Many human rights organisations have reached out to the Premier League, insisting it to block the sale of any English club to the crown prince, citing his poor human rights record, including the killing of Saudi dissident Jamal Khashoggi.

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Thursday, August 19, 2021

Yemen History


Yemen History

The Republic of Yemen (hereinafter, Yemen) was formed on 22 May 1990 with the merger of the Arab Republic of Yemen (YAR, or North Yemen) and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY, or South Yemen).  YAR, an imamat (or kingdom), which was under Ottoman rule until independence after World War I, was very insular and maintained its traditional lifestyle and social structure until the

1980s.  It became a republic after a civil war from 1962 to 1970, which also saw the participation of Saudi Arabia and Egypt.  The traditional and conservative society of the YAR contrasted sharply with that of the PDRY, which gradually became a British protectorate after the capture of Aden in 1843, and after the British left in 1967, following the Declaration of Independence, adopted Marxism as its political  adopted as a system.  The merger of the two separate countries can be traced to the economic pressures of the collapse of the Soviet

Union and the late 1980s, as well as an informal shared sense of ethnicity and nationality between the peoples of the two countries.  A short but difficult civil war was fought for several weeks in 1994, mainly along the YAR-PDRY lines and on each side, over issues of political power in the unified state and the disbursement of public funds and funds from the newly discovered oil fields.  Led by the elite.  .
Yemen History

Yemen is located in the southwest corner of the Arabian Peninsula;  Its Arabic name al-Yaman is derived from the old word al-Yaman meaning "south" (of Mecca, the center of Islamic religion).  Modern Yemen shares a border with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to the north, the Sultanate of Oman to the east, the Red Sea to the west, and the Gulf of Aden and the Arabian Sea to the south.  The country includes the island of Sukutra in the Arabian Sea and several smaller islands in the Red Sea.

The size of Yemen is 532,000 square kilometers.  The western and northern parts of the country (formerly YAR) are very mountainous, with the highest peaks reaching over 3,600 m and many peaks over 3,000 m, apart from thin stretches of coastline.  The sandy western coastline (Tihama) is extremely hot and humid.  To the east are the PDRY more mountains, which descend into a rocky plain in the central eastern part of the country before merging into one of the most inhospitable deserts in the world, the Rub' Kshar ("Empty Quarter").  There are also patches of relatively fertile valleys in the east.

The Yemeni people are Arabic in origin, although some remote tribes have their own languages ​​and cultures that differentiate them.  The country's proximity to Africa and its position on sea routes from India and Africa has given it a diverse cultural mix;  Its foods and architecture are markedly different from those of neighboring Arab countries, such as Saudi Arabia, for example.  According to the 1994 census, the country's population is 

Yemen History

approximately 15.4 million, of whom about three-quarters are located in the former YAR.  The people are mainly rural;  They often live in small villages or settlements and generally identify with a larger tribal group, although the urban population is steadily increasing.  There are large-scale Yemeni communities abroad, including in the Middle East, the UK and the United States.

Modern Yemen is a very poor country, with a GDP per capita of US$750 in 1999.  The country has few export industries other than oil, although there is potential in light manufacturing, shipping and tourism.  Very little inward investment, mostly confined to the oil sector, is a result of poor infrastructure and perceived political instability.  In 1996 the government initiated a series of International Monetary Fund (IMF)-sponsored economic reforms, which have continued to the present day.
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