Narendra Modi Biography Politics, Law and GovernmentWorld LeadersPrime Minister

Narendra Modi Biography Politics, Law and GovernmentWorld LeadersPrime Minister

 Birth:

 September 17, 1950 (age 70) IndiaTitle / Office: Prime Minister (2014-) IndiaPolitical affiliation: Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh

Narendra Modi, full form Narendra Damodardas Modi, (born September 17, 1950, Vadnagar, India), Indian politician and government official, who became a senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).  In 2014 he led his party to victory in the elections to the Lok Sabha (the lower house of the Indian Parliament), after which he was sworn in as the Prime Minister of India.  Prior to this he had served (2001–14) as the Chief Minister (Head of Government) of the state of Gujarat in western India.

Early life and political career

Modi was raised in a small town in northern Gujarat, and completed his MA in Political Science from Gujarat University in Ahmedabad.  He joined the Hindu Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) organization in the early 1970s and founded a unit of the Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad, the student wing of the RSS, in his area.  Modi rose rapidly in the hierarchy of the RSS, and his later political career benefited greatly from his association with the organization.

Modi joined the BJP in 1987 and a year later was made general secretary of the party's Gujarat branch.  He was instrumental in consolidating the party's presence in the state in later years.  In 1990, Modi was one of the BJP members who participated in a coalition government in the state, and he helped the BJP achieve success in the 1995 state assembly elections, which saw the party form a BJP-controlled government for the first time in March.  Gave the permission to.  India.  The BJP's control over the state government was relatively short-lived, however, ended in September 1996.

Political Ascent and Tenure as Chief Minister of Gujarat

In 1995, Modi was made the secretary of the BJP's national organization in New Delhi and three years later he was appointed its general secretary.  He remained in that office for another three years, but in October 2001 he replaced fellow BJP member Keshubhai Patel, the current Chief Minister of Gujarat, when Patel was blamed for the state government's poor response to the massive Bhuj earthquake in Gujarat.  was ordained.  More than 20,000 people were killed earlier that year.  Modi entered his first electoral contest in the February 2002 by-election which won him a seat in the Gujarat state assembly.

Modi's political career thereafter remained a mixture of deep controversy and self-proclaimed achievements.  His role as chief minister was particularly questioned during the 2002 communal riots in Gujarat.  They were accused of ignoring the violence or, at least, doing little to prevent the killing of more than 1,000 people

that happened after a train fire in Godhra city killed dozens of Hindu passengers  .  In 2005 the United States refused to issue him a diplomatic visa on the grounds that he was responsible for the 2002 riots, and the United Kingdom also criticized his role in 2002.  Although Modi himself escaped any prosecution or condemnation in later years—either by the judiciary or investigative agencies—some of his close aides were found guilty of complicity in the events of 2002

and received long prison sentences.  Modi's administration was also accused of involvement in extra-judicial killings (known as "encounters" or "fake encounters") by police or other officials.  One such case, in 2004, involved the deaths of a woman and three men, who officials said were members of Lashkar-e-Taiba (a Pakistan-based terrorist organization involved in the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks).  were and were accused of conspiracy to assassinate Modi

However, Modi's repeated political success in Gujarat made him an indispensable leader within the BJP hierarchy and reintroduced him into the political mainstream.  Under his leadership, the BJP achieved a significant victory in the December 2002 Legislative Assembly elections, winning 127 of the 182 seats in the Chamber (including one seat for Modi).  Presenting a manifesto for growth and development in Gujarat, the BJP emerged victorious again in the 2007 state assembly elections, with a total of 117 seats, and the party won 115 seats in the 2012 elections.  Both times Modi won his elections and returned as Chief Minister.

During his time as the head of the Gujarat government, Modi established a formidable reputation as an able administrator, and was credited with the rapid growth of the state's economy.  Furthermore, his and the party's electoral performance helped propel Modi's position as not only the most influential leader within the party but also a potential candidate for Prime Minister of India.  In June 2013, Modi was elected the leader of the BJP's campaign for the 2014 Lok Sabha elections.

Narendra Modi's Premiership

After a vigorous campaign - in which Modi portrayed himself as a pragmatic candidate who could transform India's poorly performing economy - he and the party emerged victorious, with the BJP winning a clear majority in the chamber.  Modi was sworn in as the Prime Minister on May 26, 2014.  Soon after he took office, his government launched a series of reforms, including a campaign to improve India's transport infrastructure and liberalize rules on foreign direct investment in the country.

Modi had two important diplomatic careers early in his term  Achievements achieved.  In mid-September he hosted the visit of Chinese President Xi Jinping, the first time in eight years that a Chinese leader had visited India.  Later that month, the U.S.  After being granted the visa, Modi made a highly successful visit to New York City, which included visiting the U.S.  A meeting with the President was also included.  Barack Obama.

As prime minister, Modi oversaw the promotion of Hindu culture and the implementation of economic reforms.  The government took measures that would largely appeal to Hindus, such as attempts to ban the sale of cows for slaughter.  Economic reforms were widespread, introducing structural changes – and temporary disruptions – that could be felt across the country.

One of the most far-reaching was the demonetization and replacement of 500- and 1,000-rupee notes with only a few hours' notice.  This was intended to prevent "black money" - cash used for illegal activities - which made it difficult to exchange large amounts of cash.  The following year the government centralized the consumption tax system by introducing the Goods and Services Tax (GST), which removed a confusing system of local consumption taxes and eliminated the problem of cascading taxes. 

These changes slowed GDP growth, although growth was already high (8.2 percent in 2015), and the reforms succeeded in expanding the government's tax base.  Still, rising cost of living and rising unemployment disappointed many as grand promises of economic growth remained unfulfilled.

This disappointment was recorded with voters during elections to five states in late 2018.  The BJP lost in all five states, including the BJP strongholds of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Chhattisgarh.  The rival Indian National Congress (Congress Party) won more state assembly seats than the BJP in all five elections.

Many observers believed that it was a victory for Modi and the BJP in the national elections scheduled for the spring of 2019.  Bad news, but others believed that Modi's charisma would enthuse voters.  Also, a security crisis in Jammu and Kashmir in February 2019, which raised tensions with Pakistan to the highest level in decades, a few months before the election boosted Modi's image.

with BJP dominance during the campaign  -Unlike Rahul Gandhi and the Congress's shoddy campaign-the BJP returned to power, and Modi became the first Prime Minister of India outside the Congress party to be re-elected after a full term.

Modi's government in its second term in October 2019 revoked the special status of Jammu and Kashmir, removed it from autonomy and brought it under the direct control of the central government.  The move was sharply criticized and faced challenges in court, not only for the questionable legality of denying self-determination to residents of Jammu and Kashmir, but also because the government severely curtailed communication and movement within the region.  was banned.  

Meanwhile, in March 2020, Modi took decisive action to tackle the COVID-19 outbreak in India, swiftly enforcing strict nationwide restrictions to reduce the spread, while the country's biotechnology firms worldwide developed vaccines.  Became a major player in the race to develop and deliver.  As part of an effort to counter the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, Modi took executive action in June to liberalize the agriculture sector, a move that was codified into law in September.

Many feared  was that the reforms would make farmers vulnerable to exploitation, however, and protesters took to the streets to protest the new laws.  Mass protests were organized in Delhi starting from November and continued till 2021.